Tuner Usage Guide
Basic Usage
- Click the "Start Tuning" button
- Allow browser access to your microphone
- Play your instrument or make sound into the microphone
- Observe the displayed note and cent deviation
About Cents
- Cents are a precise unit of pitch measurement
- One semitone equals 100 cents
- 0 cents indicates perfect accuracy
- Negative values indicate pitch is too low, positive values indicate pitch is too high
Usage Tips
- Ensure a relatively quiet environment
- Moderate instrument volume, avoid too loud or too soft
- Single note playing works best
- Sustain sound for stable readings
Supported Notes
This tuner supports standard 12-tone equal temperament notes:
C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B
Basic Music Theory
Pitch and Frequency
- Pitch: The perceived highness or lowness of sound, determined by frequency
- Frequency: The number of sound wave vibrations per second, measured in Hertz (Hz)
- Standard A4: 440Hz, the international standard tuning reference
- Doubling frequency raises pitch by one octave
Twelve-Tone Equal Temperament
- Definition: A musical tuning system that divides an octave into 12 equal semitones
- Semitone: The smallest interval between adjacent notes
- Whole tone: An interval of two semitones
- Frequency ratio: Each semitone has a frequency ratio of 2^(1/12) ≈ 1.059463
Interval Relationships
- Octave: Frequency ratio of 2:1
- Perfect fifth: Frequency ratio of approximately 3:2
- Perfect fourth: Frequency ratio of approximately 4:3
- Major third: An interval of 4 semitones
- Minor third: An interval of 3 semitones
Common Instrument Tunings
Guitar Standard Tuning (Low to High)
- 6th string: E2 (82.4Hz)
- 5th string: A2 (110Hz)
- 4th string: D3 (146.8Hz)
- 3rd string: G3 (196Hz)
- 2nd string: B3 (246.9Hz)
- 1st string: E4 (329.6Hz)
Violin Standard Tuning (Low to High)
- G string: G3 (196Hz)
- D string: D4 (293.7Hz)
- A string: A4 (440Hz)
- E string: E5 (659.3Hz)
Piano Keyboard Layout
- 88-key piano: A0 (27.5Hz) to C8 (4186Hz)
- Middle C: C4 (261.6Hz)
- Black keys: Sharp (#) or flat (♭) notes
Tuning Accuracy and Tolerance
- Professional performance: Within ±2 cents
- General practice: Within ±5 cents
- Human perception: Pitch differences of about 3-5 cents are detectable
- Ensemble requirements: All instruments must use the same tuning standard
References and Further Reading
Authoritative Music Theory Resources
Tuning and Temperament Research
Academic Journals and Papers
Online Music Education Platforms
Note: The above links are for educational reference only. It is recommended to combine with professional teacher guidance for in-depth learning.